Cognitive Learning Theory Lecture Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Learning Theory Lecture Essay Cognitive Learning developed by theorist Edward C. Tolman, explains the way our brain processes and interprets information that we learn. The biological basis of cognitive learning style is grounded in brain theory. .(Different Cognitive Learning Styles, 2003-2013) It’s the relationship that occurs between two stimuli, but even though the stimulus is the same our brains react in different ways. However, each person process information at different rates. This type of learning style is basically defined as a personality aspect which affects attitudes, beliefs, and social communication. An example of Cognitive learning style can be how a person develops skills and familiarity, and how they establish and recall information. Some people need to picture the task before starting; others organize learning and teaching successively or casually and some work rapidly or purposefully. Cognitive Learning: Latent Learning Cognitive learning is internal and is broken down into thought processes. One important cognitive process is called latent learning. Latent literally means ‘hidden†, and occurs without any reinforcement, but is only demonstrated when some type of incentive is given for doing it. Basically, you learn thru shear repetitiveness. Unknowingly, our brain absorbs the information which is stored deep in our subconscious, and is only brought out when faced with a situation when the information is necessary. For example, say you car pool with someone to work every day, but she/he drives. Although you’re not driving you may still learn the route to your job, but have no reason to demonstrate your knowledge of this. However, if the person you car pool with gets ill you may need to drive yourself. By doing so, subconsciously you realize you’ve learned the same route that the usual driver would take, this is considered latent learning. Cognitive Learning: Observational Learning According to Albert Bandura and his colleagues, observational learning is also a major part of the learning process. Observational learning is just that, learning by observing what they see and then demonstrating it themselves. Basically, observational learning happens in a way that someone must notice something someone else is doing. Then record it in their mind, and finally imitate the actions. These actions may or may not happen again, and the choice to continue emulating these actions depends on the outcome. The intelligence level does determine whether someone is limited to or has the ability to mimic the person. Examples of this process would be someone observing someone tying their shoes and imitating it themselves with the reward of not tripping when they walk. Or perhaps, watching someone commit a crime and then getting punished for it shows the observer that imitating is not always ideal. Because each person acquires diverse cognitive learning styles, it is not only challenging but perhaps impossible to reach every person in a particular way. Numerous researchers have made an effort to deliver ways in which the learning process can take effect. Individuals are affected by components in their surroundings like sound, light, and feelings as well as incentive, diligence, obligation and the need for organization. There are some sociological needs that can be challenging and also affect you like peers, certain groups and adults as well as physical desires, like perceptual fortes, aperture, time and freedom of movement. References Different Cognitive Learning Styles. (2003-2013). Retrieved from http://www.learningrx.com/different-cognitive-learning-styles-faq.htm Feldman, R. S. (Ed.). (2011). Cognitive Approach to learning. Essentials of Understanding Psychology (9th ed., pp. 188-194). Retrieved from

The Swirls Of Emotions :: essays research papers

Emotions can be classified, according to your personal experience, into three different categories: happiness, sadness, and anger. First of all, there is happiness. Happiness has no limits, for it can be felt at any time, any place and to any person. It cannot be hunted for; it is not obvious, but inscrutable. Happiness is realized by understanding one's self, which is completely a personal experience. For instance, a person may find happiness in one thing, whereas someone else may in another. Happiness is what we let it be, and even though carry the abilty to let ourselves be happy, we rarely do. The second catagory that emotions can be fall into is sadness. Why is the quest for happiness left us more vulnerable and sad? Are we a society of people who are all looking for happiness and disappinted with what we find? In most cases, sadness leaves us in a state of depression and unstableness. When you become sad you feel as though you hate life at the present time and in most instance s you cry, become depressed and feel like your sadness will be everlasting. If we were always happy and never expressed our sadness, it would eventually build up and one day we would just explode, and mabye go into a form of deep depression. The last but not least of the catagories of emotion is anger. Quick to rise, and even quicker to lash out, the simple emotion of anger has the power to destroy and create. Anger is not always a bad emotion. Without anger lives would be lost, tyranny would go unopposed, and inhumanities would be quietly accepted. Anger, the most powerful and feared emotion of the soul's repertoire, destroys and created in the same breath. Moving from one person to the next anger is an every present force in

History of Minority Populations in the Child Welfare System of the United States Essay

Article 1 Love, C. (2005). Not in our country? A critique of the United States welfare system through the lens of China’s one child policy. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, 14(2). 142-174. Retrieved May 21, 2010. The article mainly focuses on the Family Planning Law in China and the laws in the United States regarding society welfare. Both the countries aim to eliminate poverty from the societies and encourage development and growth. The author of the article believes that some child laws have been violated in achieving a level of success in implementing welfare laws. Despite the efforts of the government, the people living below the poverty line are increasing each day in both the countries. The children are punished for the decisions of their parents as they do not have a separate formal identification. The cap on the family size in the United States legislature does not allow a woman to bear as many children as she wishes. The government supports children in a family to a certain limit. However, after the reproductive cap has been crossed, the government does not provide any benefits to the child who has been born after the cap was crossed. These limitations on the reproductive choice of a woman demonstrate that the system if full of issues and inequalities. This is because the child who is born after the reproduction cap is not entitled to the support from the government that other children are enjoying. Article 2 Raghavan, R., Inoue, M., Ettner, S., Hamilton, B., & Landsverk, J. (2010). A Preliminary Analysis of the Receipt of Mental Health Services Consistent With National Standards Among Children in the Child Welfare System.  American Journal of Public Health,  100(4), 742-749. Retrieved May 21, 2010 from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection data. In this article, the authors perform a research to find out whether the children in the child welfare system of the United States receive mental health care as the others receive. Data from the past three years was used to conduct the research and study. This data was collected from the National Survey for Child and Adolescent well-being. The sample size consisted of 3,802 individuals. The results showed that only half of the total sample size received mental health care that was consistent with a single national standard. However, there were only 10% of the total sample were fortunate enough to get health care which was consistent with all of the national standards. It was also found out that the older children were more likely to attract mental health care which is consistent with the national standards. Therefore the article concludes with the fact that the child welfare system in the Unites States is not working fairly and those who need the support are not getting it. Article 3 Dettlaff, A., de Haymes, M., Velazquez, S., Mindell, R., & Bruce, L. (2009). Emerging Issues at the Intersection of Immigration and Child Welfare: Results from a Transnational Research and Policy Forum.  Child Welfare,  88(2), 47-67. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Education Research Complete database. The authors of this article intend to reveal the issues related to child welfare system that an immigrant family has to face while moving to the United States. Child permanency, safety and well being have become the major concerns of a family moving to the United States. The increasing numbers of immigrants in the past few years suggest an increase in contact and interaction with the child welfare system, but the numbers of immigrant children involved with the welfare system have not been measured. The author of the article also believes that the immigrant children are more likely to live in poverty than the children of the natives. Moreover the authors reveal that the immigrant families in the United States are less likely to receive any financial benefits than the natives. The children that are related to the immigrant families are more likely to lack health insurance coverage than the native ones. These discrepancies in the child welfare system exist due to the fact that the parents of these immigrant children also do not have access to the benefits that a normal American would enjoy.

Freudian s Psychosexual Stages Of Personality Development

According to Freudian’s psychosexual stages of personality development, Peter’s behavior of wanting to be the breadwinner is caused mostly by his role as a male through the identification with his father during the Phallic Stage. Peter most probably resolved the Oedipus complex by identifying with his father; thus, explaining why he believes that he should work to support his family. 2. The archetypes, which is one of the eight psychological types from Jung’s theory explains the dissonance that Peter is having. The anima and the animus archetypes refer to Jung’s recognition that humans are bisexual in their psyche. He defines the anima as the psyche of the man what contains the feminine aspects. His anima is persuading Peter to assume the traditional female role, and to care for the children and to care for the house. At the same time, Peter’s masculine characteristics of being the breadwinner is exhibited. The animus is responsible for this behavior as it is masculine aspects of the psyche. The interplay of the anima and the animus is causing Peter to continue to work and earn money for his family and to quit his job and to stay home with his family. 3. The self archetype represents the integration of the overall personality. It is concern with the balance of all parts of archetypes that will form our personality, and is the motivating force that pull us to our goal. With Peter being attentive to both his anima an animus, Jung believes that if all of Peter’sShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagestension, and more. Life becomes a constant state of worry and dread. Eventually, the anxiety overtakes the person s mindset so much that it interferes with daily activities such as school, job, and other social activities. 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