Patient Safety and Medication Administration in Nursing Research Paper

Patient Safety and Medication Administration in Nursing - Research Paper Example The understanding that is developed is that in order for a nurse to avoid medication errors, the nurse ought to ensure that whatever medication is being administered is being given in the right format (Elliott M and Liu Y. Zhang, Patel & Johnson believed that nurses must ensure that all these right procedures are followed but Conrad et al. (2010, p. 141) on the other hand stated that it may not all medications that would have to go through all the 9 rights but at least in all cases, 5 of these should be used. Reflecting on the 9 rights, Palmieri et al. (2009, p. 36) noted that the 9 rights have been made to cover aspects of medication, which when ignored, can lead to serious errors with the administration. To have a better understanding of how the 9 rights helps to prevent or minimize errors, Elliott M1, Liu Y. stated that one may simply turn the ‘right’ to ‘wrong’ and know the effect that a refusal to abide by the procedures can bring. Another important int ervention that has been noted to be very effective with the minimization of errors is the organization of medications within the medication room (Alldred et al. 2008, 320). In order jurisdiction, this is referred to as sorting, labeling, or nomenclature (Alldred et al. 2008, 321). Nurses have been noted to make the Accidental mistake of confusing the labels of some medical products for others. Because of this when there is a mixture of drugs with similar packages, the chances that there will be mix up leading to errors are higher.

The Greek Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Greek Civilization - Essay Example The Greek Civilization Civilization is a phrase that was coined from Latin word to mean the state of advancement in the social, cultural and material status of a society or a civil organization and existence of man. The development in the Greek tradition and the advance of the society during the 18th century is believed to have influenced the growth and development of modern world. The migration of the Greeks from their motherland believed to be somewhere in middle Asia has been attributed to the rise of Greece civilization and as start point upon which their development was based. In this paper, the factors that influenced the historical development of the Greek civilization will be evaluated to help find out reasons for such an extraordinary civilization. Other civilizations also occurred after or during the Greek civilization and this paper will seek to identify if the Greek civilization was more superior to these other civilizations like the Near Eastern civilization. A number of agricultural, industrial and medical practices have roots in the Greek culture and this explains the extraordinary nature of the Greek civilization. Pruning, an agricultural practice was discovered in the Apulia when in the process of feeding, asses ate the shoots of vines and this resulted into increased yields. This happened despite historical evidence that points to Africa as th e home of many plants that later domesticated into food crops. Large scale and plantation farming also began in Greek and this is attributed to the emergence of the growth of food crops in large scales to feed the increasing population. Greek devised the processed of fire making through the Athenians, the also developed the first ship in Alesiai, an important invention in the development of transport systems (Bruce 12). The strength and source of knowledge that guided the Greek development into a major pioneer of civilization has remained a puzzle for many modern historians. The exact source of information and innovation power that influenced their ability to understand the various inventions they made is a puzzle. However, Greeks believed in the power of the myths that were said of their origin, ancestors, migrations and heroes. Greek gods were also common and they differed based on the role that each played and how this influenced the lives of the people. The myths points to the g eographical settings of the ancient Greek as a major determining factor in the development of civilization in the Greek colonies. The myths points a Greek that was filled with animated hills, dale and sea coasts which are believed to have influenced the quality of their lifestyle hence the need for innovations and civilization (Marc 28). The Greek civilization followed the Egyptian civilization and some historians argue that the influence of the Egyptian civilization accelerated the growth of the Greek civilization. However, the Greek empire controlled a number of colonies in Europe before the emergence of the Roman Empire; however, during this time of civilization, the roman invasion was rising and Greek was beginning to the feel the impacts of the pressure exerted by the Romans. Civilization and the development of new methods of doing things were necessitated by the competition that existed between these empires to control more colonies in Europe. Greeks may have stepped into the feet of Egypt to increase its agricultural production by adopting newer methods of crop production and means of transport in an effort to gain economic strength as compared to the roman empires. In explaining the progress and vigor of the Greek civilization, a number of factors have been floated and discussed in relation to the developments that characterized this period. Greek mythologies

US Economic History-Commanding Heights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Economic History-Commanding Heights - Essay Example Keynes ideas were that the economy should be controlled by the government. Later years saw the departure from Keynes ideas to the adoption of economies that did not support government regulations. Many reforms were made and globalization set in. This was around the year 1991 after the Soviet Union collapsed. The authors say that free markets prevail in comparison to the centrally planned markets. There are worries however that, globalization may be only for a short while. This will happen if measures are not taken to end inequality and if the third world countries are not given opportunities to better themselves. The UK had a lot of resources and power and thus its capital city London was the center of globalization. This was in the first period of globalization. This period occurred before the First World War (Yergin et al pg 15). The First World War however affected Britain badly leading to a high level of unemployment. As much as the UK triumphed in the Second World War, the empire had to break. The then ruler, Winston Churchill, did not like the idea of government involvement and he thus discouraged it. In the year 1945, Clement Attlee who headed the Labor Party, was elected and he encouraged government regulations so as to avoid potential economic crisis. The government of UK nationalized almost all its major industries. In addition to this, the government controlled the earnings of the employees. These wages of the employees were regulated by the government or subjected to the union rules (Kay, pg 23). This idea of government interference became a common factor in the UK in such a way that subsequent governments adopted it. The elected government officials did nothing to change this and it became part of the UK. In the 1970s, the UK saw immense strikes of the unions including other problems such as the oil shock that was experienced in the year 1973 (Yergin et al pg 16). These problems almost crumbled Britain. That

Finance Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance Project - Essay Example As the project considers a period of ten years critical evaluation is required to decide the outcome of the project. Analysis: 1. The expected cost for the project: Year Expected cost(in million dollars) 1 25 2 28 Opportunity cost of the project= 8% Present value of the cost of the project: Cost (i) Discounting factor at 8 % (ii) Present value (i*ii) 25 0.926 23.15 28 0.857 23.996 2. Present value of the after tax cash profit: Year( i) Cash flow(after tax) (in million $) (ii) Discounting factor at 8% (iii) Present value(ii*iii) 3 6 0.794 4.764 4 7 0.735 5.145 5 8 .681 5.448 6 9 0.63 5.67 7 9 0.583 5.247 8 9 0.541 4.869 9 9 0.5 4.5 10 9 0.463 4.167 11 9 0.429 3.861 12 9 0.397 3.573 Total present value of cash flows=$47.244. Discounting Factor values (Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity Table, n. d) 3. Expected Net present value= Present value of the total cash inflow-the present value of the total cash outflow= 47.244-(23.15+23.996) (Kapil, n. d, p.399) = $ 0.098(in millions) As the figure here reflects a positive NPV so the project will be beneficial to the organization and should be accepted. The calculation of the Net Present Value is a method of Capital Budgeting which is done to critically evaluate the profitability behind the implementation of a new project. The positive value in the result favors the acceptability of the project. 4. Risk inherent to the project: The common risks which are associated with any business are business risk, financial risk and market risk. Business risk involves the risk under which the firm is unable to cover the operating cost associated. In the case of power Co, it is planning to install new generator thinking about the increase in demand. A study assumes that the building process will take 2 years and in the two years’ time, there will not be much inflow from the new generator involved. If the risk arises in the business that the involvement of the new project will pose a difficulty in raising the operating cost of the project, then the business runs the probability of becoming insolvent. The next type of risk which the business is likely to face is the financial risk. Financial risk involves the mode of financing for the project. The firm may be unable to meet its financial obligation for the project. In such case the debt of the firm will increase and the firm will not be able to realize the expected profit. In dealing with such kind of risk Power Co should be careful in choosing its mode of finance. It should chose an option which appears flexible for the business, it will be better if the firm chooses optimum financial mix for the purpose which should have a considerable amount of the portion of the equity. (Gitman, 2007, p.427) A portion of the equity in the financing raises confidence among the investors and also does benefit the organization in the long run. The organization is relieved of the burden of repaying the debt to some extent in case of mixed financing. The final type of risk inherent in the business is the market risk. It is to be remembered that the main reason of Power Co in opting for the installation of the new generator is the prediction of the rise in demand. Power Co forecasted that within the next ten years their rate of production will be insufficient as they are the major suppliers of electricity in the region. However the

Discussion Board 3-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 3-1 - Essay Example In that line, assessment plan should prioritize clients with mental disorder and subject to medical management. This population represents 15% of the 75% of the people with mental health disorder. The reason for prioritizing this population is that the nature of treatment (medical management) is less complex. At this level the assessment may involve reviewing compliance to prescription if available and response to medication. The next population in the assessment plan should be the 30% population with mental health disorder and subject to individual psychotherapy only. Assessment of this population will involve interviews of the clients and analysis of behaviors of the clients. Due to the bigger size of the population, the activity will consider three-quarter of the population as sample. Following will be the 15% of population with mental health disorder and subjected to family therapy. Assessment of this population will also involve interview of the individual clients and family members. In addition, assessment will analyze behaviors of the clients to determine any changes. The plan will then consider the 30% population with mental health disorder and subject to individual psychotherapy and medical management. Assessment of the population will combine techniques used in assessing both the treatment techniques (individual psychotherapy and medical management). Since the population is somewhat big, the as sessment will take three-quarter of the total subjects. The next in the plan will be the 10% population with mental health disorder and subject to both individual psychotherapy and family therapy models of treatment. Assessing the population at this position is important since the evaluator will benefit from the already explored issues when assessing the techniques individually. The task will be less complex and less confusing as would be if conducted earlier before considering the individual

Java Card Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Java Card - Essay Example This paper dwells greatly on the smart card technology focusing on Java Card as the case study. Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines a smart card as â€Å"a small plastic card that has a built-in microprocessor to store and process data and records1.† In 1968, two great German scientists first mooted the idea of incorporating an integrated circuit into a plastic card. Many other people worked on this technology with no notable progress until 1974-1979 when Roland Moreno filed patents on smart cards in 11 different countries. Late 1970 saw the first commercialization of the smart card and the introduction of the microprocessor smart card through the work of CII-Honeywell Bull. Initial trials on the smart card took place in France and Germany in the early 1980 where they were used as prepaid phone cards and secure debit/credit bank cards2. Currently, the power of smart cards has greatly advanced consequent of the existence of improved modern chip and cryptography technologies. They have diverse commercial applications such as banking, identification, ticketing as well as telecommunication applications where they are used as SIM cards on cell phones. Traditionally, the development of smart card applications is subject to a lengthy, rigorous and difficult process. Development tools are built by smart card manufacturers using generic assembly language tools and dedicated hardware emulators obtained from silicon chip vendors. These facilities are not readily available to third party application developers making the development of these applications exclusive to a few highly skilled developers who have specialized in a particular smart card hardware and software. Until recently there existed no standard high-level application interface thus compelling developers to deal with the always technical low-level programming of modules such as communication

Liberal Art Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Liberal Art Studies - Essay Example Plunkitt would agree that there was such a thing as an honest profit and a dishonest profit. If political party, State, and personal interests stand to gain an advantage, he would see such a venture as something that was as justifiable and therefore being an honest profit. On the other hand, he would see stealing from others as dishonest profit and would condemn such an action. In other words, he may justify â€Å"a little† corruption as long as it doesn’t amount to stealing from others and as long as it benefits the State as well as himself. From a business perspective, Plunkitt does seem to have the dynamics of organizational behavior right. Buying something for a low price and selling it for a higher price is the essence of business, and Plunkitt’s views were in line with this sentiment. For him, corruption means actually stealing from others, while trying to make a profit is not corrupt at all. Plunkitt also believed in seeing opportunities and taking them and realized that who you know is more important than what you know. Both of these concepts are widely seen as accurate in the business